ACI 229R-99

Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is a self-compacted, cementitious material used primarily as a backfill in lieu of compacted fill. Many terms are currently used to describe this material including flowable fill, unshrinkable fill, controlled density fill, flowable mortar, flowable fly ash, fly ash slurry, plastic soil-cement, soil-cement slurry, K-Krete and other various names. This report contains information on applications, material properties, mix proportioning, construction and quality-control procedures. This reports intent is to provide basic information on CLSM technology, with emphasis on CLSM material characteristics and advantages over conventional compacted fill.

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Chapter 2 - Applications
2.1 General2.2 Backfills2.3 Structural fills2.4 Insulating and isolation fills2.5 Pavement bases2.6 Conduit bedding2.7 Erosion control2.8 Void filling2.9 Nuclear Facilities2.10 Bridge Reclamation

Chapter 3 - Materials
3.1 General3.2 Portland cement3.3 Fly ash3.4 Chemical admixtures3.5 Water3.6 Aggregates3.7 Non-standard materials

Chapter 4 - Properties
4.1 Introduction4.2 Plastic properties4.3 In-service properties

Chapter 5 - Mix proportioning

Chapter 6 - Construction
6.1 General6.2 Mixing6.3 Transporting6.4 Placing

Chapter 7 - Quality contro
l7.1 General7.2 Consistency and unit weight7.3 Strength tests

Chapter 8 - Low density CLSM using preformed foam,
8.1 General 8.2 Applications8.3 Materials8.4 Properties8.5 Proportioning8.6 Construction

Chapter 9 - References