ACI 440.7R-10

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems are an option to consider for strengthening unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. Traditional strengthening systems include external steel plates, reinforced concrete (RC) overlays, span shortening with steel subframing or bracing, and internal steel reinforcement. Relative to traditional systems, features of FRP systems include high tensile strength, light weight, ease of construction, and resistance to corrosion. This guide offers general information on FRP systems use, a description of their unique material properties, and recommendations for the design, construction, and inspection of FRP systems for strengthening URM structures. These guidelines are based on knowledge gained from a comprehensive review of experimental and analytical investigations and field applications.

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Contents:

Chapter 1--Introduction and scope, p. 440.7R-2

1.1--Introduction

1.2--Scope

Chapter 2--Notation and definitions, p. 440.7R-3

2.1--Notation

2.2--Definitions

Chapter 3--Constituent materials and properties, p. 440.7R-6

3.1--Constituent materials

3.2--Physical properties

3.3--Mechanical properties

3.4--Time-dependent behavior

3.5--Durability

3.6--Fiber-reinforced polymer system qualification

Chapter 4--Shipping, storage, and handling, p. 440.7R-9

4.1--Shipping

4.2--Storage

4.3--Handling

Chapter 5--Installation, p. 440.7R-10

5.1--Contractor competency

5.2--Temperature, humidity, and moisture considerations

5.3--Equipment

5.4--Substrate repair and surface preparation

5.5--Resin mixing

5.6--Application of constituent materials

5.7--Alignment of FRP materials

5.8--Multiple plies and lap splice

5.9--Resins curing

5.10--Temporary protection acceptance, p. 440.7R-12

Chapter 6--Inspection, evaluation, and acceptance, p. 440.7R-12

6.1--Inspection

6.2--Evaluation and acceptance

Chapter 7--Maintenance and repair, p. 440.7R-14

7.1--General

7.2--Inspection and assessment

7.3--Repair of strengthening system

7.4--Repair of surface coating

Chapter 8--General design considerations, p. 440.7R-14

8.1--Design philosophy

8.2--Strengthening limits

8.3--Design material properties

8.4--Effective strain and stress in the FRP reinforcement at the strength limit state

Chapter 9--Wall strength for out-of-plane-loads, p. 440.7R-16

9.1--Background information

9.2--General considerations

9.3--Existing wall strength

9.4--Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loads

9.5--Serviceability

9.6--Creep rupture stress limits

Chapter 10--Wall strengthening for in-plane-loads, p. 440.7R-20

10.1--Background information

10.2--General considerations

10.3--Existing wall strength

10.4--Nominal shear strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to in-plane loads

10.5--Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced walls subjected to in-plane loads

10.6--Wall strengthening for shear and flexure

Chapter 11--Detailing, p. 440.7R-25

11.1--General requirements

11.2--Fiber-reinforced polymer debonding

11.3--Spacing limits

11.4--Anchorages of FRP reinforcement

11.5--Alternate forms of anchoring

11.6--Load path continuity

Chapter 12--Drawings, specifications, and submittals, p. 440.7R-28

12.1--Engineering requirements

12.2--Drawings and specifications

12.3--Submittals

Chapter 13--Design examples, p. 440.7R-29

13.1--Increasing the flexural capacity of a wall subjectedto out-of-plane loads

13.2--Increasing the lateral capacity of a wall subjected to in-plane loads

Chapter 14--References, p. 440.7R-43

14.1--Referenced standards and reports

14.2--Cited references