ACI 376-10

Code Requirements for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures for the Containment of Refrigerated Liquefied Gases (ACI 376-10) and Commentary

An ACI Provisional Standard



The most common use of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete in cryogenic storage applications is for secondary containment around metal primary storage tanks. Installations were built in North America and in Europe during the 1960s through 1980s with prestressed concrete primary containment. Renewed interest in the use of concrete for primary containment and the need for a code that addressed secondary concrete containment led to the development of this Code.

Contents

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1--GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1--Scope

1.3--Quality assurance

CHAPTER 2--NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY

2.1--Notation

2.2--Definitions

2.3--Acronyms

CHAPTER 3--REFERENCED STANDARDS

CHAPTER 4--MATERIALS

4.1--Tests of materials

4.2--Cementitious materials

4.3--Aggregates

4.4--Water

4.5--Admixtures

4.6--Fibers

4.7--Deformed reinforcement

4.8--Plate steel composite with concrete

4.9--Prestressed reinforcement

4.10--Prestressing anchorages

4.11--Post-tensioning ducts

4.12--Grout

4.13--Metal liners

4.14--Insulation

4.15--Coating requirements

4.16--Standards cited in this Code

CHAPTER 5--DESIGN LOADS

5.1--Types of design loads

5.2--Loading conditions

CHAPTER 6--MINIMUM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

6.1--General

6.2--Primary concrete container

6.3--Secondary concrete container

6.4--Roof performance criteria

6.5--Other performance criteria

6.6--Concrete quality

6.7--Shotcrete

6.8--Coating design6.9--Metal components

CHAPTER 7--LOAD FACTORS

7.1--General

7.2--Load factors for Ultimate Limit State (ULS) of primary container

7.3--Load factors for Ultimate Limit State (ULS) of secondary container

CHAPTER 8--ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

8.1--Methods of analysis

8.2--Design basis

8.3--Foundation design

8.4--Wall design

8.5--Roof design

CHAPTER 9--DETAILING

9.1--General

9.2--Reinforcement details

9.3--Internal prestressing systems

9.4--External prestressing systems

9.5--Concrete containment wall

9.6--Metal components

9.7--Anchorage to concrete

9.8--Liners and coatings

CHAPTER 10--FOUNDATIONS

10.1--General

10.2--Geotechnical investigation

10.3--Design requirements for shallow foundations

10.4--Design requirements for deep foundations

10.5--Ground improvement

10.6--Foundation details

10.7--Foundation performance monitoring details

10.8--Monitoring frequency

10.9--Inspection and testing

CHAPTER 11--CONSTRUCTION REQUIRMENTS

11.1--Construction plan

11.2--Tolerances

11.3--Shotcrete for external prestressing systems

11.4--Post-tensioning

11.5--Winding of prestressed reinforcement: wire or strand

11.6--Forming

11.7--Construction joints

11.8--Concrete embedments

11.9--Coatings

CHAPTER 12--COMMISSIONING/DECOMMISSIONING

12.1--Scope

12.2--Testing

12.3--Pressure and vacuum testing

11.4--Purging into service

12.5--Cool-down

12.6--Settlement and movement monitoring

12.7--LNG tank fill methods

12.8--Decommissioning: purging out of service and warm-up

12.9--Record keeping

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A--TANK CONFIGURATIONS, DETAILS, AND EXAMPLES

A.1--Tank configurations

A.2--Full containment tanks: typical details

A.3--Examples of base joint details

A.4--Examples of primary and secondary concrete tanks

APPENDIX B--OFFSHORE CONCRETE TERMINALS

B.1--Scope

B.2--General

B.3--Loads and load combinations

B.4--Concrete and reinforcement materials

B.5--Global and local structural analysis

B.6--Criteria and methodology of concrete sectional design

B.7--Fatigue performance criteria

B.8--Design considerations during construction, transportation, and installation

B.9--Decommissioning

B.10--Design for accidents

APPENDIX C--FATIGUE PERFORMANCE

C.1--Scope

C.2--General

C.3--Fatigue performance criteria

REFERENCES--COMMENTARY PORTION

Referenced standards and reports

Cited references

INDEX