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This paper discusses an overall 12-month long pilot study conducted between April 1996 and April 1997 to determine design and operational criteria for planned additions and improvements to the Green Island Treatment Facility (GITF) in Salem, Oregon. The objectives of the pilot study were to: determine the filter sand characteristics that provide the best expected performance for particulate removal, filter ripening, filter run time, loading rates, and headloss; determine the expected effectiveness of slow sand filtration for removal of Cryptosporidium and bacteria; determine the effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) filter media layering within the sand for improving removal of organic precursors, reducing chlorine demand, and controlling disinfection byproducts (DBP) formations; and, determine the potential effectiveness of slow sand filtration for removing copper, arsenic, and other metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, and mercury) from raw water in the event of North Santiam watershed contamination with metals as a result of mining activities. The testing approach consisted of field testing with six pilot-scale slow sand filters at the GITF site and laboratory evaluations. Specific filter dimensions are given and the characteristics of the sands tested are listed.

Product Details

Published: 01/01/1999 ISBN(s): 1583210016 Number of Pages: 23File Size: 1 file , 580 KB