AWWA WQTC64192

AWWA WQTC64192 Epidemiologic Studies of Distribution System Drinking Water Quality and Gastrointestinal Illness: Knowledge Gained and Lessons Learned
Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 11/01/2006

Moe, Christine L.; Tinker, Sarah C.; Tolbert, Paige E.

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Limited information is available on the health risks associated with water quality in thedistribution system. Data from the waterborne disease outbreak surveillance systemindicates that distribution system deficiencies are a major cause of waterborne diseaseoutbreaks - due primarily to cross-connections, main breaks, and contaminated storagetanks. Premise plumbing contamination also appears to be an important cause ofoutbreaks but is likely underestimated and needs further investigation. Epidemiologicstudies can be used to examine risks of endemic waterborne disease associated withdistribution system deficiencies and intermittent contamination. Previous interventionstudies, a case-control study and time-series studies in Canada, the United Kingdom, and theUnited States are reviewed and preliminary results from a current study in Atlanta arediscussed. Includes 22 references, figure.