Full Description

Pressure surge, also known as water hammer or hydraulic transient, is a time-varyingmomentary phenomenon. It happens when the equilibrium of a flow system is disturbedby a status change over a relatively short time period. Caused by either immediate start-upor shut-down of pumps, or rapid opening or closing of valves, surge events canintroduce large pressure forces and rapid fluid accelerations into a water distributionsystem, which may result in pump and device failures, system fatigue or pipe ruptures,and even dirty water backflow/intrusion. Therefore, surge protections are extremelyimportant for the design of hydraulic systems. This paper reviews the commonly usedsurge control strategies that include re-design of the plan and profile of the pumpingstation and pipeline system, selection of pipes and fittings to withstand the anticipatedpressures, identification of proper start-up, operation, and shut-down procedures for thesystem, and selection and location of the proper control devices to mitigate the adverseeffects of surge events. The pros and cons of the control devices, such as hydropneumatictanks, air valves, surge valves, and pump control valves, are also discussed. Furthermore,surge analyses of a surge protection system for a Peace River Large Pumping System areperformed using the HAMMER and KYPIPE programs. The engineering design proposesa surge protection system including hydro-pneumatic tanks, surge valves, or air valves.The simulation results indicate that the proposed surge control strategies can provideadequate surge protections to the pumping and pipe systems. Includes 6 references, figures, tables.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/01/2007 Number of Pages: 33File Size: 1 file , 2.7 MB