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This paper discusses process considerations and the required equipment neededto treat poor quality groundwaters using reverse osmosis and ion exchange for high-purityprocess waters at an industrial facility. The information provided would bepertinent to industries and utilities that are facing the dual issues of increasing waterdemands and ever poorer-quality water sources.Two ethanol facilities in the Upper Midwest are being sited in areas where the solesource of waters at both sites is a groundwater which contains upwards of 1,000 mg/Lsulfate, 1,200 mg/L hardness, 440 mg/L alkalinity, and 4 mg/L TOC. The facilitiesrequire treating 1.1 MGD of this groundwater into process water to produce the ethanolitself, high-purity boiler feed water, and cooling tower make-up. The quantity of waterand treatment processes necessary to meet the facility demands is evaluated forthese two examples where the water quality was poor and compared to an example wherethe raw water available was of much better quality. Includes tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2007 Number of Pages: 12File Size: 1 file , 110 KB