Full Description

The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)was charged with determining whether minimum federalClean Water Act requirements should be establishedfor National Pollutant Discharge EliminationSystem permits on the discharge of residuals producedat water treatment plants. A key factor in USEPA'sevaluation was the cost of residuals management atfacilities where such treatment does not currently existor where significant treatment changes would berequired to meet such a technology-based managementrequirement. AWWA initiated this project to provideindependent cost information to aid in the USEPAcost-benefit analysis.Cost estimates were developed for implementingresiduals management at existing coagulation andlime-softening plants of various sizes and solids productionrates. In addition to capital costs, annualcosts associated with residuals management wereestimated and used to calculate the 20-year currentworth for residuals management. The work also providesguidance on focus areas where costs can bereduced. Includes 6 references, tables, figures.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. 100 - No. 3 Published: 03/01/2008 Number of Pages: 13File Size: 1 file , 650 KB