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This powerpoint presentation begins by providing a brief overview of the occurence of cyanobacterial blooms in surface water, and toxin regulation in drinking water. The study objective was to evaluate water treatment plants' (WTPs') vulnerability to increased algae toxins levels. The experimental methodology included the following: define toxins occurrence scenarios in the source water; develop toxin removal models for efficient treatments based on published literature; audit a sub-sample of 29 WTPs and predict toxins removals; and, extrapolate to the 284 surface WTPs of the province of Quebec, Canada. Conclusions indicate the following: the uncertainty related to climate change should be considered when updating WTPs withdrawing from vulnerable surface water sources; the Quebec anatoxin-A recommendation should be revisited as it greatly influences treatment needs and is not regulated elsewhere; the analysis revealed that anatoxin-A (and not microcystins), is the binding criteria because of its resistance to free chlorine; and, approximately 20% of SWTPs can meet the proposed conception level of 15 g/L anatoxin-A emitted by the environment ministry. Other than ozone, the literature indicates that potassium permanganate could be an alternative for anatoxin-A oxidation. Can potassium permanganate be an easy solution for anatoxin-A treatment in raw water or settled water? Could powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosages be increased to required levels without negativeeffects on treatment? Includes tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 21File Size: 1 file , 1.3 MB