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In Tokyo, pharmaceuticals and E. coli were measured from a total of 50 groundwater samples obtainedfrom different depths and aquifers to evaluate the spatial distribution of pollution by sewage usingpharmaceuticals as markers. Two pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine and crotamiton, were compared in termsof detectability and persistence. The utility of pharmaceuticals as a precautionary indicator of E. colicontamination was also investigated. Furthermore, the sewer exfiltration was quantified usingpharmaceuticals as sewage markers. The study measured six pharmaceuticals containing the amide group:diethyltoluamide, crotamiton, ethenzamide, propyphenazone, carbamazepine, and caffeine. Includes 14 references, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 4File Size: 1 file , 780 KB